Category Architecture

Vector Databases

Not only does it sound cool, but a vector database is a specialized type of database designed to store, index, and search high-dimensional vectors. These are numerical representations of data such as text, images, audio, or video. In the AI…

You like DAGs?

In the vast landscape of data engineering and computational systems, Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) quietly orchestrate the flow of tasks, computations, and dependencies. From compiler optimizations to machine learning pipelines, DAGs are everywhere (including a film with Brad Pitt, for…

Slowly Changing Dimensions

In the world of analytics and data warehousing, one of the trickiest challenges is keeping track of how things change over time. In operational systems, these changes often overwrite the old value without a second thought. But in analytical systems,…

Spatial Indexing

When you query a traditional (relational) database column, a B-tree index usually handles the search efficiently.Spatial data, however, is not just a single dimension; it’s at least two (latitude, longitude) and often more (3D coordinates, time, attributes). This makes spatial…

Rise and Fall(?) of the Data Warehouse

For nearly three decades, the enterprise data warehouse reigned supreme. It was the single source of truth, the vault where all valuable corporate data lived, cleaned, and neatly structured for consumption. Vendors promised that if you put everything in the…

Are You Consistent?

You want your friends and colleagues to be consistent in the way they interact with you. Consistency is also a key concern when choosing a database. Consistency models define the rules by which distributed systems present data updates to clients.…

Snowflake’s Indexing Methods

I have various posts on this site that talk to indexes. But Snowflake’s indexing and search approach is quite different from traditional approaches like B-trees. It doesn’t maintain B-tree indexes like row-based relational databases, like MySQL or PostgreSQL. No User-Created…

The Importance of Asking ‘Why’

Let’s look at some hypothetical examples you may have actually witnessed with your engineering teams. We have one server, but probably need two. Let’s use Kubernetes. We need to count the number of messages Let’s use Redis. We want to…

Semantic Models

In data management, semantic models address the challenge of understanding meaning and relationships within distributed data. They bridge business language and machine-readable data, enhancing interoperability, compliance, and self-service analytics. By defining concepts and semantics, they clarify terminology across systems, supporting AI integration and enabling better data governance and insights.

Bloom Filters

When you’re searching petabytes of data, you can’t afford to scan every record or even every file. You need a quick way to answer the question: “Is this key possibly in my dataset?” Bloom filters provide exactly that — with…